Fills are plastic or ceramic materials used in cooling towers to increase the surface area available for water to evaporate and cool down.

CTI STD-136 covers the material of construction, workmanship, physical properties and methods of testing of Fills used in the Cooling Tower.

Materials covered by CTI standard - 136 are polyvinyl chloride (PVC); chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC); heat elevated PVC (HPVC); Polypropylene (PP); and high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Fills are used in cooling towers to improve their cooling efficiency by increasing the contact area between the air and the water that is being cooled.

There are various types of fills used in cooling towers, including splash fills, film fills, and modular fills. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages and is selected based on factors such as the cooling tower size and the cooling requirements.

Splash fills are a type of cooling tower fill that uses a series of baffles to break up the falling water into small droplets, which increases the contact area with the air and improves cooling efficiency.

Film fills are a type of cooling tower fill that uses thin, closely spaced sheets or tubes to create a large surface area for water to flow over. This maximizes the contact between the air and water, which improves cooling efficiency.

Modular fills are a type of cooling tower fill that consists of individual plastic or ceramic units that are assembled into large modules. They are typically used in large cooling towers and are designed to be easily replaced or repaired.

Factors such as cooling tower size, water flow rate, temperature, and the presence of suspended solids in the water should be considered when selecting fills for a cooling tower. Other factors may include cost, durability, and maintenance requirements.

The frequency of fill replacement in a cooling tower depends on various factors, such as the type of fill used, the water quality, and the operating conditions. However, as a general rule, fills should be inspected regularly and replaced when they show signs of wear or damage that could affect their performance.

PP (polypropylene) fills are plastic materials used in cooling towers to increase the surface area available for water to evaporate and cool down. PP is a popular material for cooling tower fills due to its chemical resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and durability.

PP fills offer several advantages for cooling towers, including excellent chemical resistance, high-temperature tolerance, flexibility and durability. They are also lightweight, easy to install, and have a long service life.

There are various types of PP fills used in cooling towers, including splash fills, film fills, and modular fills. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages and is selected based on factors such as the cooling tower size and the cooling requirements.

PP fills are generally low maintenance and require only periodic cleaning to remove debris and sediment that can accumulate over time. If the fills become damaged or worn, they may need to be replaced to maintain the cooling tower's performance.

PP fills can be used in most types of cooling towers, including counterflow and crossflow towers. However, the type and design of the fill may vary depending on the specific cooling tower application and requirements.

The service life of PP fills can vary depending on factors such as water quality, operating conditions, and maintenance practices. However, properly maintained PP fills can last for many years, typically between 10 to 15 years or more.

PP fills are made from plastic, which is a petroleum-based material. While PP is a recyclable material, proper disposal practices should be followed to minimize environmental impact.